By June 1987, the project had accumulated and developed free software for an assembler, an almost finished portable optimizing C compiler ( GCC), an editor ( GNU Emacs), and various Unix utilities (such as ls, grep, awk, make and ld). The GNU system required its own C compiler and tools to be free software, so these also had to be developed. When the GNU project first started they had an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor commands, a source level debugger, a yacc-compatible parser generator, and a linker. Despite never having used Unix prior, Stallman felt that it was the most appropriate system design to use as a basis for the GNU Project, as it was portable and "fairly clean". Richard Stallman announced his intent to start coding the GNU Project in a Usenet message in September 1983. The project's current work includes software development, awareness building, political campaigning, and sharing of new material. Combined with the operating system utilities already developed by the GNU project, it allowed for the first operating system that was free software, commonly known as Linux. In 1991, the Linux kernel appeared, developed outside the GNU project by Linus Torvalds, and in December 1992 it was made available under version 2 of the GNU General Public License. Development was initiated in January 1984. According to its manifesto, the founding goal of the project was to build a free operating system, and if possible, "everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system so that one could get along without any software that is not free." Stallman decided to call this operating system GNU (a recursive acronym meaning " GNU's not Unix!"), basing its design on that of Unix, a proprietary operating system.
In order to ensure that the entire software of a computer grants its users all freedom rights (use, share, study, modify), even the most fundamental and important part, the operating system (including all its numerous utility programs) needed to be free software. GNU software grants these rights in its license. Its goal is to give computer users freedom and control in their use of their computers and computing devices by collaboratively developing and publishing software that gives everyone the rights to freely run the software, copy and distribute it, study it, and modify it. The GNU Project ( / ɡ n uː/ ( listen)) is a free software, mass collaboration project announced by Richard Stallman on September 27, 1983. Heckert (derived from a more detailed version by Etienne Suvasa) JSTOR ( January 2013) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message).Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. This article relies excessively on references to primary sources.
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